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The Fertile Crescent
The Fertile Crescent refers to the area where the earliest civilizations formed.
Civilization developed slowly in different parts of the world. People began to settle in areas with abundant natural resources. A section of the Middle East is called the Fertile Crescent. The Fertile Crescent is a rich food-growing area in a part of the world where most of the land is too dry for farming. The Fertile Crescent is a boomerang shaped region that extends from the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf.
Some of the best farmland of the Fertile Crescent is on a narrow strip of land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. The Greeks called this area Mesopotamia, which means "between the rivers." The Tigris and the Euphrates are considered to be natural boundaries. This is because the boundaries were formed by nature instead of being drawn by people. Straight lines on a map generally signify man-made borders, while natural borders can follow many different paths.
Many different civilizations flourished in this small region. The Sumerians slowly developed a civilization in the southeastern region of Mesopotamia as long as 7,500 years ago. The Sumerian civilization lasted more than three thousand years, but in time the Sumerians lost their influence. The Babylonians formed a centralized government under King Hammurabi from about 1770 BC to about 1595BC. Various other cultures dominated part or all of the Fertile Crescent including Amorites, the Kassites, (c. 1531-1155BC) the Hittites (c. 1370 – 1205BC) and the Assyrians (c890-600 BC). The land known as Mesopotamia was later controlled by the Persians of modern day Iran, the Romans, and the Ottoman Turks. The land between the Tigris and Euphrates has been part of the modern nation of Iraq since 1932.
Some of the best farmland of the Fertile Crescent is on a narrow strip of land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. The Greeks called this area Mesopotamia, which means "between the rivers." The Tigris and the Euphrates are considered to be natural boundaries. This is because the boundaries were formed by nature instead of being drawn by people. Straight lines on a map generally signify man-made borders, while natural borders can follow many different paths.
Many different civilizations flourished in this small region. The Sumerians slowly developed a civilization in the southeastern region of Mesopotamia as long as 7,500 years ago. The Sumerian civilization lasted more than three thousand years, but in time the Sumerians lost their influence. The Babylonians formed a centralized government under King Hammurabi from about 1770 BC to about 1595BC. Various other cultures dominated part or all of the Fertile Crescent including Amorites, the Kassites, (c. 1531-1155BC) the Hittites (c. 1370 – 1205BC) and the Assyrians (c890-600 BC). The land known as Mesopotamia was later controlled by the Persians of modern day Iran, the Romans, and the Ottoman Turks. The land between the Tigris and Euphrates has been part of the modern nation of Iraq since 1932.